Category: 白皮书论文

朗德西部分支旁道项目-掘进机在纽约哈德逊河下的高水压和高进水条件下在硬岩中掘进

本文介绍了一台单护盾硬岩隧道掘进机用于纽约州的高涌水和高水压的硬岩地质下掘进。为了克服困难条件，掘进机设计用于处理2500 gpm的进水量，并在30巴的压力下密封。掘进机将开挖一条隧道来替换特拉华州渡槽的一部分受损部分，该渡槽向纽约市供应一半的原水。2.5英里的绕行隧道穿过哈德逊河（Hudson River），地质结构由页岩和石灰石组成。

由于水压和进水量较高，掘进机设计有新的主轴承密封系统，如果遇到高涌水，则关闭掘进机。设备配备两个排水系统和多个钻孔和注浆系统，用于开挖前注浆和分段衬砌回填。针对本项目制定了系统的钻孔和注浆程序，并将其纳入掘进机和备用设计中，以确保设备能够处理本项目极其困难的地质条件下作业。

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运用刀具仪器技术的智能滚刀监测系统

在机械化隧道施工中，掌子面的连续地质信息是必不可少的。刀具仪器的最终目标是实时监测单个刀具的操作，获得更真实的刀盘推力值，并在刀盘前方获得更好的地质信息。对这些信息的分析可以为机械挖掘提供深入的了解。刀具操作信息具有直接和间接的优点：它有助于更好地预测和监控刀具使用率，并且可以降低计划外刀具或更换环的成本，从而更好地规划库存、人力和翻修刀具需求。

目前滚刀刀具仪器技术被设计成一个方便安装的仪器包，用于监测单个刀具的转速、磨损、温度和振动。数据记录器服务使用低功率无线电技术无线接收刀具信息，并实时显示刀具状况。使用刀具仪器，操作员持续监控刀具状况，从而提高效率、降低停机时间，并防止意外的环磨损相关损坏导致轴承和刀座进一步损坏。在罗宾斯岩石掘进机上进行了刀具检测技术的试验，并给出了以往和近期的试验结果。讨论了延长寿命和提高可靠性的设计改进。

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安第斯山脉高埋深掘进机隧道——智利两个具有挑战性的隧道项目的比较研究

从地质学角度来说，安第斯山脉是世界上最年轻、最复杂的山脉之一。隧道工程，尤其是水力发电和输水工程，对该范围来说并不新鲜，但其过去的历史取得了好坏参半的成功。两个新项目利用非常不同的隧道掘进机和挖掘策略，现在为智利安第斯山脉的现代地下施工设备提供了试验场。

本文将分析在智利两个项目：阿尔托梅坡(Alto Maipo)和秃鹰(Los Condores)水电站项目，位于安第斯山脉，相距约100公里。将详细分析所采用的两种策略，一种是使用开放式主梁式掘进机加上广泛的地面支撑，另一种是使用双护盾掘进机和分段衬砌。作者将研究两个隧道中遇到的隧道掘进机性能和地质条件，以及隧道掘进机的选择和围岩支护策略对每个隧道作业的影响。

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墨西哥城TEP二期污水隧道的成功开挖，采用跨模式掘进机在具有挑战性的地质条件下掘进

墨西哥城的历史与地理位置问题密不可分。在过去的100年里，墨西哥城下沉了将近12米，因此，墨西哥城的建筑、主要街道、污水系统等遭到了严重破坏。

到2015年7月，一台跨模式掘进机市场的启动标志着墨西哥城下一个具有挑战性的EP二期污水隧道项目的开始。在5.5公里长的隧道将穿越深170米的山和8米之上的住宅建筑，地质条件也同样不同。地质由安山岩和英安岩组成，带有凝灰岩带和断层带，以及隧道终点处的一段软土。

本文将详细介绍为应对挑战条件而设计的独特直径为8.7米的跨模式隧道掘进机，以及通过断层带、软土地基等成功挖掘机器。将分析挖掘策略、提前率和停机时间。由于机器可以在隧道中从硬岩模式转换为土压平衡模式，作者还将研究转换过程以及两种模式如何在广泛变化的地质条件下进行挖掘。

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亚克朗俄亥俄州运河拦截隧道大直径跨模式隧道掘进机的设计与实现

俄亥俄州运河拦截隧道（OCIT）项目涉及建造运输和储存隧道系统，以控制亚克朗市中心地区几个监管机构的综合下水道溢流。将使用罗宾斯跨模式掘进机XRE，兼并硬岩和土压平衡作业模式，开挖直径为9.26米的隧道并安装预制节段衬砌。

罗宾斯跨模式掘进机XRE，兼并硬岩和土压平衡作业模式。以便在岩石和混合地质中进行有效开挖，例如，灵活的刀盘设计，能够在岩石和混合地质下进行开挖，可在硬岩中以超速模式调节主驱动速度，以及特殊的螺旋输送机磨损保护系统。本文介绍了这些设计特点、制造工艺和现场施工情况。

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连续输送机在盾构机上的应用

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Carving a Path Through Extreme Conditions: An Integrated Ground Investigation System Optimized For Turkey's Difficult Geology

Turkey’s geologic framework, seated on an active tectonic belt, is made up of older rocks mixed with younger igneous rock. More than 80% of the country’s surface is rough and mountainous, and the ground conditions can be highly variable and unpredictable. Today’s adaptable TBMs are capable of tackling these tough conditions using cutting-edge technology coupled with modern ground investigation methods.

This presentation will explore several recent and ongoing projects in the tunneling industry that highlight the latest in TBM technology for difficult ground excavation. Whether smart features include a Measurement While Drilling (MWD) system, cutterhead inspection cameras, or sensors to monitor converging ground, today’s TBMs equip contractors with knowledge. Specialized sealing systems can arm contractors with methods to successfully and safely treat water head pressure up to 30 bar.

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Tunnel Boring below Montreal: A Case Study of Urban Tunneling through Hard Limestone

Montreal, Quebec, Canada’s Rosemont Reservoir tunnel travels for 4.0 km below city streets, faulted rock, a disused quarry, and active subway. The story of the 3.0 m diameter Double Shield TBM’s successful breakthrough involves a careful analysis of geology, TBM operating parameters, and ground consolidation measures. Over the years, geologists conducted two diamond-drilling programs totaling 65 borehole tests to depths ranging from 21 to 65 m below residential and commercial neighborhoods along the tunnel alignment. The core sampling program indicated the presence of medium to thinly bedded limestone, with some shale and intrusive rocks, mainly dykes and sills. While the limestone averaged 50 to 300 MPa UCS, rock in the intrusives ranged from 100 to 430 MPa. More than 80 dykes and sills as small as a few centimeters wide and as large as 8 to 10 m wide were mapped along the 4.0 km tunnel. Contractor Foraction, Inc. took measures including cement injection of vertical boreholes in two suspected fault zones from the surface to a depth of 50 m. Even with these measures, fractured rock and water inflows, which had to be temporarily deviated, slowed progress and required alteration of the boring parameters in some sections. The crew were ultimately successful and made their final breakthrough with the TBM in November 2015. This paper will analyze TBM boring methods and performance based on the changing geological conditions below Montreal. Special attention will be paid to sections in fracture zones and below sensitive structures including the inactive quarry site and active Montreal subway. The authors will analyze how preliminary studies, combined with operational techniques and on-going geological monitoring, resulted in an ultimately very efficient tunnel boring project in a dense urban area.

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A Novel Continuous Conveyor System and its Role in Record-Setting Rates at the Indianapolis Deep Rock Tunnel Connector

The Indianapolis Deep Rock Tunnel Connector (DRTC)—first in a vast network of storm water storage tunnels below Indiana, USA—was a wildly successful endeavor. Crews for the Shea/Kiewit JV drove a 6.2 m Robbins Main Beam TBM to world record rates. The machine achieved 124.9 m/day, 515.1 m/week, and 1,754 m/month in limestone and dolomite rock. The advance rates can be attributed to many factors including ground conditions and knowledgeable crew, but continuous conveyors are also of key importance.

The novel conveyor system, manufactured by The Robbins Company, enabled continuous tunneling in a difficult layout that included two 90-degree curves and two S-curves. Spanning 11,777 m in its longest iteration, the system included nine booster drives plus a main drive. A vertical belt moved muck up the 76 m deep shaft to a radial stacker for temporary storage. The system, one of the most complex in North America and the first to operate in 90-degree curves, made swift tunneling possible.

This paper will examine the world-class tunneling done at the Indianapolis DRTC and the role of continuous conveyance in reaching high advance rates. The logistics of the system will also be examined as it could apply to future tunneling projects with similarly complex layouts.

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Use of Two Novel Hybrid-Type “Crossover” TBMs for Hard Rock Conditions with Water Inflows

Mixed ground tunnels come in all kinds. In rock tunnels with possible faults and high pressure water, the challenges are many. With the advent of Crossover TBMs, contractors can minimize risk in such conditions while maximizing efficiency. The newest generation of Crossover is exemplified by two projects in Albania and Turkey.

A 5.56 m Crossover TBM destined for Turkey’s Gerede Water Transmission will be assembled using Onsite First Time Assembly (OFTA) from within an existing tunnel. The unique machine will bore through 30 fault zones requiring the TBM to be sealable to up to 20 bar so pre-consolidation grouting can be done. EPB mode will only be used in poor ground—in this mode, the TBM will bore sequentially using the screw conveyor fore and aft gates.

Skewing further towards hard rock, a unique 6.2 m diameter Double Shield TBM with Crossover features was designed for Albania’s Moglicë Headrace Tunnel. The machine features closure doors and a sealing system to contain inrushes of water until they can be grouted off.

This paper will discuss the unique aspects of the Crossover designs and their utilization at the two projects.

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